Cupcake Chemistry
Understanding the Basics of Baking, Decorating, and Food PhotographyArchive for baking basics
Math + Baking = Anti-Recipe
I am immediately going to go grab this book.
I have a similar book, Bakewise, that describes how to scan a recipe and instantly know whether it will be too dry, too flat, to heavy, etc. Most times when I bake cupcakes I change up the frosting based on how well it works with the particular density, flavor, and client (and sometimes whether just depending on how lazy I am and what is in my cabinet).
Thank you Maura for the heads up on the article!
One Part Creativity: Zero Parts Recipe
Can just using ratios really teach me to be a better cook?
(By Jennifer Reese)
“There are hundreds of thousands of recipes out there, but few of them help you to be a better cook in any substantial way,” Michael Ruhlman writes in the preface to his fascinating and pompous new book, Ratio. “In fact, they may hurt you as a cook by keeping you chained to recipes.” Ruhlman calls Ratio an “anti recipe book, a book that teaches you and frees you from the need to follow.” He argues that once you’ve memorized certain “bedrock” culinary ratios, you can cook virtually anything without resorting to a cookbook.
I read Ratio cover to cover one afternoon, and I rolled my eyes. Like many of us who lack an Italian grandmother or a culinary school education, I taught myself to cook with recipes. Ruhlman is dead wrong about one thing: Recipes can help you become a better cook in a very substantial way. From following instructions, you learn technique. From watching how ingredients are paired, you develop an intuitive sense of what flavors work together.
Marjorie Williams and Sarah Lyall bantered about the best all-purpose cookbooks. Sara Dickerman reviewed the big ones and then picked the best recipes from the cookbook of all cookbooks, Julia Child’s Mastering the Art of French Cooking. For the habits of Julia herself, check out her “Diary” from 2000, in which she reveals her favorite breakfast—bacon, eggs, and toast.
Moreover, the underlying message irritated me. It’s no longer good enough to make a pecan pie from the Joy of Cooking? We have to be artists now? I’m an experienced cook who improvises plenty and is fairly good at it, but I view recipes like I do Mapquest directions: They’re a useful tool that generally take me where I want to go. Why would I want to “unchain” myself?
Nonetheless, there’s something extremely beguiling about Ruhlman’s idea that all you need in order to cook magnificently are a handful of simple, elegant formulas. I began to wonder if his ratios might liberate my inner Ferran Adrià—if I even have one. Is there really, as Ruhlman argues, “no end” to what you can cook when you know a ratio? I decided to take his premise for a test-drive.
The first thing you’ll notice if you start trying to cook with ratios is that they are not as marvelously simple as Ruhlman implies. Ratios, Ruhlman writes “allow you to close the book and cook as you wish.” But while his seductively spare table of 33 culinary ratios fits neatly on two introductory pages, it is followed by some 200 pages of caveats, fine print, and explications of technique. You need a book to learn to cook without a book? No thanks. If the goal was to “close the book,” I was closing the book. I copied out the ratios and put Ratio away.
I decided to start with cookies (1 part sugar: 2 parts fat: 3 parts flour). Ruhlman advises beginning with an utterly plain sugar-butter-flour cookie, an exercise that will “instruct the thoughtful cook about … the nature of a cookie.” So-called essence of cookie took approximately 1 minute to mix, 20 minutes to bake, and tasted like the most boring shortbread you’ve ever eaten, which is to say, not too damned bad. Those were my thoughts about “the nature of a cookie.” Apparently, I’m not a very thoughtful cook.
To the next batch of dough I added vanilla and substituted palm sugar for white. Palm sugar: a misguided purchase that sat in my cupboard for months attracting ants. Not anymore! Palm sugar is the slightly funky-tasting granulated sap of the coconut palm, and it yielded swarthy, earthy, terrific shortbread. I was delighted. In the space of the next few manic hours I baked crispy Brazil nut shortbread (great), rye shortbread studded with candied ginger (not great), and brown sugar shortbread packed with dates (almost great). The defeats were as interesting as the failures, and my mind was whirring. Why weren’t those ginger cookies tastier? (Too much ginger.) How could I have made them better? (Less ginger; try brown sugar.) I found myself lying in bed that night mulling new cookie flavors. It was like playing with paper dolls, creating crazy new outfits for my naked cookie ratio.
Unfortunately, it’s hard to advance beyond shortbread with the 1-2-3 ratio, and I eventually grew restless. You can make only so many butter-rich, not-too-sweet cookies before you want to move on to something altogether different. But you can’t easily extrapolate snickerdoodles, brownies, or tuiles, because once you start adding leaveners and eggs, you need a more detailed ratio. Or a recipe. These, Ruhlman obligingly supplies in the text of the book, but to look them up seemed like cheating.
Since there was dinner to think about, I moved on to pâte à choux (2 parts water: 1 part butter: 1 part flour: 2 parts egg) in order to make gougeres, airy cheese puffs that Ruhlman recommends you flavor with Gruyère or Parmesan. I went with aged Gouda and threw in some smoked paprika just to see what happened. (Work with ratios for even a day and you start resenting advice.) The tarted-up gougeres were a huge hit, as was the fettuccine (3 parts flour: 2 parts egg), which included both white and rye flours. I expected the experimental pasta to end up chewy and coarse, but it came out like pale gray silk. To finish the meal, I made crème anglaise (4 parts dairy: 1 part yolk: 1 part sugar) using goat’s milk and honey and froze it in the ice cream maker. Goat-honey ice cream needs a new name, but it was otherwise practically perfect.
Does this seem like an insane amount of cooking for one weekend? It was, and it was a blast. Ordinarily I find cooking enjoyable and restful; this was exhilarating and slightly exhausting. With mad-scientist fervor, I baked a few cakes (1 part egg: 1 part sugar: 1 part flour: 1 part butter), including what I would consider my crowning achievement, a green tea sponge cake. Flavored with Japanese matcha powder, this was a confection of fluffy, buttery beauty, the color of honeydew, tasting distinctly of tea. Having never before in my life “invented” a cake, I was ridiculously pleased. Yes, I know someone else has probably already invented a green tea sponge cake, but don’t rain on my parade. I’d had a breakthrough: After decades of following other people’s recipes, the anti-recipe book helped me to invent a few of my own.
The Sticky Truth
A quick business update: I am receiving quite the helping hand from a new friend, AJ, who is going to put me in touch with some people who could potentially assist greatly in launching this whole game
To be continued very soon…!
So I tried out two new recipes this weekend: a modified red velvet cupcake with a meringue type icing and a maple cupcake with a blueberry glaze or a blueberry crème. I had fairly opposite results and a whole host of lessons (including some of my very own food photography). The red velvet was for a July 4th BBQ, while the maple-blueberry combo was for an organizational meeting for a festival in August. (I will fill you in on the festival details soon). For now, let’s see what I learned this weekend:
lesson 1 – purple ≠ red
The modified red velvet ended up being too dry and (by my own fault) not red at all. See, I accidentally mixed up the tops on my food coloring bottles and dropped purple into the mix, then I tried to solve it by dropping more red into the batter, which turned it an unnatural magenta. Worse yet, since you add the dry ingredients at the end, and there is cocoa powder in the recipe, it became brick red. A dirty, dusty, muddy brick red. Ugh. Not one to waste any opportunity to photograph, I will discuss the trick in shooting this cupcake in the visual section
lesson 2 – mini cupcakes + dark pan = less cooking time (and no TV)
So, most avid bakers will tell you that even though an oven will say 350o, it’s not necessarily true, especially with older ovens like the one in my apartment. My dial knob isn’t the most accurate in the first place and tends to heat unevenly, so I try to remember to turn it just under the desired temperature. Dismissing that for a moment, it should also be fairly obvious that if the cupcakes are smaller and less in quantity, they will take less time to bake. I’ve made mini-cupcakes before and noticed that you have to cut down baking time up to 10 minutes sometimes. Always set the timer for half of the full baking time to allow you to check and adjust as necessary. Last point to keep in mind, the darker the baking pan, the quicker it will retain heat, and the less baking time you will need. Most pans are a medium colored silver gray, but my mini pan happens to be a much darker shade. Unfortunately, all of this information that I already knew happily flew out the window while I baked on Friday. I guess I was distracted by the Family Guy movie that I left playing (you know the part where Quagmire decides to go on his cross “country” tour, country without an “o” in it… note to self, no more TV while baking, only music). The poor minis that came out of the oven were fitting considering they were already that ugly shade of redbrick: they were heavy, rock hard, potentially tooth-chipping, and completely inedible. Luckily, since I discouraged myself from buying an additional mini-cupcake pan while I was at the store earlier that day, I had only used half of the batter, and I was able to try again…
lesson 3 – meringue icing = delightful marshmallowy goo…until it dries
Ok, so everyone knows meringues are those light and crispy sugar-and-egg-white French cookie confections, right? I was intrigued by this idea of meringue icing because obviously I only know meringue as this hard but delicate dessert. It turns out, in its pre-baked state, meringue begins as something light and fluffy, then transforms into something much more viscous. Madiha, a new friend that I met at the party, compared the consistency it to “that Jet-Puffed marshmallow crème that comes in the jar.” The challenge was to keep the meringue at a constant temperature so that it didn’t get to that crispy state, and it was QUITE difficult considering these Georgia summers. Seriously, dried meringue could be used as an alternative for hot wax…just reference the smooth patch on my arm where a tiny bit of meringue fell. The partygoers seemed to enjoy the icing because it was different, not the standard mouthful of buttercream or cream cheese, so I had moderate success. I will definitely play around with it more to see what types of flavors I can infuse into it so that it can have more dimension and really wow a crowd.
lesson 4 – always be inspired by donuts
The maple cupcake for Sunday’s meeting was quite possibly the best cake I have made to-date. It was light and soft, but still had significant body to it. Earlier, I had a craving for french toast, which inspired the idea for that cupcake in particular. I went up to my aunt’s house for a little while and she happened to have just picked some home-grown blueberries. The idea instantly came to me: try a donut-style blueberry glaze. The reasoning was two-fold: first, it seemed to be an obvious choice since I was going with the whole breakfast theme. Secondly, as I mentioned before, I have recently encountered many people recently who don’t particularly care for traditional icing. There are a lot of vegan/vegetarian/ health-conscious people involved in with the block party, and I have been experimenting with alternatives to eggs, dairy, animal products, etc. Though these cupcakes were not vegan, most of my taste-testers were extremely receptive to both the glaze and crème; the main suggestion was to add more blueberries (which is valid since I only had about a handful to work with). They really liked the idea of a cupcake/donut fusion so there is much more to be explored in that realm. I was told by one attendee that she liked the creme much more than the glaze, but this may be attributed to her dislike of blueberry glaze donuts (I appreciate the feedback, Kristen!).
All in all this was a pretty rockin’ weekend. I appreciate all of you who tasted for me this weekend, and thank you for your opinions! I am taking them to heart. If I haven’t seen you in a while, hit me up so you can get some cupcakes in your life!
Until next time…!
jams vs jellies vs preserves… oh my!
(This one is a little out of order, because I wanted to start with the obvious ingredients first, but you can wait until tomorrow, right?
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So, the night of my debut I met a very admirable guy named Robbie who posed an simple yet common question: “what’s the difference between jams and jellies and preserves? I’ve always wondered about that!”
Well my dear Robbie I promised you I would have your answer, AND I will even throw in marmalades and compotes as a bonus just for being the first “reader’s choice” question on the blog, haha.